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[
{
"id": "k001",
"title": "什么是参数量?",
"category": "ai-models",
"icon": "ri-calculator-line",
"content": "参数量(Parameters)是衡量大模型规模的指标,表示模型中权重参数的数量。例如 GPT-3 有 175B 参数,即约1750亿个参数。",
"detail": "参数量决定了模型的容量和表达能力。一般来说,参数量越大,模型能力越强,但也需要更多计算资源。\n\n常见规模分类:\n- 小模型:<1B (适合边缘设备)\n- 中模型:1B-10B (消费级GPU可运行)\n- 大模型:10B-100B (需要多GPU)\n- 超大模型:>100B (需要数据中心)",
"order": 1
},
{
"id": "k002",
"title": "什么是上下文长度?",
"category": "ai-models",
"icon": "ri-text-wrap",
"content": "上下文长度(Context Length)是模型能处理的输入文本最大长度。更长的上下文意味着模型可以理解更长的文档或对话历史。",
"detail": "常见长度:\n- 4K:传统长度,适合简单对话\n- 32K:中等长度,适合长文档\n- 128K:超长上下文,如GPT-4 Turbo\n- 200KClaude 3的极限长度",
"order": 2
},
{
"id": "k003",
"title": "什么是量化?",
"category": "ai-models",
"icon": "ri-scales-3-line",
"content": "量化(Quantization)是将模型参数从高精度转换为低精度,减少显存占用和计算量。如FP16→INT8→INT4,精度损失可控,资源节省显著。",
"detail": "量化效果:\n- FP32→FP16: 显存减半,精度基本不变\n- FP16→INT8: 显存再减半,精度略降\n- INT8→INT4: 显存再减半,需特殊技术\n\n推荐工具:llama.cpp、GPTQ、AWQ等",
"order": 3
},
{
"id": "k004",
"title": "什么是MMLU",
"category": "ai-models",
"icon": "ri-bar-chart-box-line",
"content": "MMLUMassive Multitask Language Understanding)是评估大模型综合能力的标准测试集,覆盖57个学科领域。",
"detail": "分数参考:\n- 60-70%:入门级,如GPT-3\n- 70-80%:中等水平,如Llama 2 70B\n- 80-90%:优秀水平,如GPT-4、Claude 3",
"order": 4,
"visible": false
},
{
"id": "k005",
"title": "如何计算显存需求?",
"category": "gpus",
"icon": "ri-memory-line",
"content": "模型显存需求 ≈ 参数量 × 每参数字节数 × 1.3(含KV Cache开销)",
"detail": "计算公式:\n- FP32: 参数量 × 4字节 × 1.3\n- FP16: 参数量 × 2字节 × 1.3\n- INT8: 参数量 × 1字节 × 1.3\n- INT4: 参数量 × 0.5字节 × 1.3\n\n例如:7B模型FP16加载需要约 7 × 2 × 1.3 ≈ 18GB显存",
"order": 1
},
{
"id": "k006",
"title": "GPU架构演进",
"category": "gpus",
"icon": "ri-history-line",
"content": "NVIDIA GPU架构从Fermi到Hopper,每一代都有显著提升。了解架构有助于选择合适的GPU。",
"detail": "主要架构:\n- Volta (2017): V100, 引入Tensor Core\n- Turing (2018): RTX 20系列, RT Core\n- Ampere (2020): A100, RTX 30系列\n- Hopper (2022): H100, FP8支持\n- Ada Lovelace (2022): RTX 40系列, L40S",
"order": 2
},
{
"id": "k007",
"title": "CPU核心数选择",
"category": "cpus",
"icon": "ri-database-2-line",
"content": "CPU核心数的选择取决于应用场景。更多核心适合并行任务,但单核性能也很重要。",
"detail": "场景推荐:\n- 办公/日常:4-6核足够\n- 开发/编译:8-16核\n- 服务器/虚拟化:16-64核\n- 高性能计算:64核以上\n\n注意:AI训练主要依赖GPU,CPU主要用于数据预处理",
"order": 1
}
]